| 1. |
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY |
| 1.1. |
Report Summary and Key Takeaways |
| 1.2. |
Automation Levels (L0 to L5) Overview |
| 1.3. |
Summary of Privately Owned Autonomous Vehicles |
| 1.4. |
Level 2+ Solidifying in Definition, Availability, and Legislation |
| 1.5. |
Biggest Barriers move onto L3 or L4 – Liability |
| 1.6. |
Level 2+ could be a long-term middle-ground |
| 1.7. |
Overview of where autonomous cars are legal |
| 1.8. |
Adoption of Key ADAS Features Increased Again in 2023 |
| 1.9. |
Year-On-Year Increase in SAE Level 2 Adoption |
| 1.10. |
High Levels of Autonomy Means More Sensors per Vehicle |
| 1.11. |
LiDAR is for Level 3 and the Chinese Market |
| 1.12. |
Autonomy is Changing the Automotive Supply Chain |
| 1.13. |
L2+ Passenger vehicle market supply chain overview |
| 1.14. |
Rapid Growth in China’s Urban L2+ Market Drives ADAS Supplier Sales Surge |
| 1.15. |
China L2+ / NOA Solution Providers/Suppliers |
| 1.16. |
End-to-End (E2E) Architecture |
| 1.17. |
Deployment of End-to-End Models in Vehicles |
| 1.18. |
EU Market Summary: L2 Dominates, L2+ and L3 in Exploration Phase – Limited Impact on Consumer Choice |
| 1.19. |
China Market Summary: L2+ Emerges as Key Purchase Driver, Supply Chain Advantages Drive Competitive Edge |
| 1.20. |
US Market Summary: Strong L2 ADAS Foundation, High Potential for L2+/L3 Growth |
| 1.21. |
Autonomous Vehicle Adoption in US 2022-2045 |
| 1.22. |
Autonomous Vehicle Adoption in China 2022-2044 |
| 1.23. |
Autonomous Vehicle Adoption in EU + UK + EFTA 2022-2044 |
| 1.24. |
Autonomous Vehicle Adoption in Japan 2022-2044 |
| 1.25. |
L2+/L3 Feature Adoption Forecast by Region |
| 1.26. |
Global Vehicle Sales and Peak Car by SAE Level 2022-2045 |
| 1.27. |
Parking Assist Features Adoption Forecast |
| 2. |
INTRODUCTION |
| 2.1. |
Level 2, Level 2+, and Level 3 |
| 2.2. |
L3-Level Passenger Vehicles Approved for Road Use |
| 2.3. |
The Automation Levels in Detail |
| 2.4. |
Roadmap of Autonomous Driving Functions in Private Cars |
| 2.5. |
L2 and L2+ Autonomous Driving Systems and Brands |
| 2.6. |
L3-Level Passenger Vehicles Approved for Testing and on road |
| 2.7. |
IDTechEx’s ADAS Feature Database |
| 3. |
SUMMARY OF ADAS TECHNOLOGIES |
| 3.1. |
Introduction |
| 3.1.1. |
Automation Levels (L0 to L5) Overview |
| 3.1.2. |
Summary of Privately Owned Autonomous Vehicles |
| 3.1.3. |
Level 2+ Solidifying in Definition, Availability, and Legislation |
| 3.1.4. |
Biggest Barriers move onto L3 or L4 – Liability |
| 3.1.5. |
Level 2+ could be a long-term middle-ground |
| 3.2. |
ADAS Features |
| 3.2.1. |
Overview of Safety and Luxury ADAS Features in L0-L2 Passenger Vehicles |
| 3.2.2. |
Overview of ADAS Features in L0-L3 Passenger Vehicles |
| 3.2.3. |
Safety ADAS Features – AEB |
| 3.2.4. |
Luxury ADAS Features-CC/ACC |
| 3.2.5. |
ADAS Features-LDW/LKA/LCA |
| 3.2.6. |
Safety ADAS Features- BSM/BSD |
| 3.2.7. |
Safety ADAS Features- Signal Recognition |
| 3.2.8. |
Safety ADAS Features- Rear/360 Parking |
| 3.2.9. |
Luxury ADAS Features – Auto Parking |
| 4. |
ADAS AUTOMATION TRENDS AND REGULATIONS |
| 4.1. |
Legislation and Autonomy |
| 4.2. |
US |
| 4.3. |
Level 3, Legislation, US |
| 4.4. |
UK |
| 4.5. |
EU |
| 4.6. |
Level 2+ starting to grow in Europe |
| 4.7. |
Level 3 outlook in Europe |
| 4.8. |
Asia-Pacific (China) – Testing Scale Expands, Regulatory Framework Deepens |
| 4.9. |
Beijing, Shanghai, and Shenzhen Accelerate Deployment of L3 and L4 Autonomous Driving |
| 4.10. |
Asia-Pacific (Japan) |
| 4.11. |
Clarifying Responsibility Types and Assumption in Global Legislation |
| 4.12. |
More Comprehensive Regulatory Frameworks are Being Established Globally |
| 5. |
ADAS CARS MARKET ANALYSIS |
| 5.1. |
Passenger ADAS Vehicle Market readiness |
| 5.1.1. |
ADAS Adoption by Region in 2023 |
| 5.1.2. |
ADAS Feature Deployment in US |
| 5.1.3. |
ADAS Feature Deployment in China |
| 5.1.4. |
ADAS Feature Deployment in EU |
| 5.1.5. |
ADAS Feature Deployment in Japan |
| 5.1.6. |
China ADAS Ecosystem: SoC Manufacturers and Solution Providers |
| 5.1.7. |
China L2+ / NOA Solution Providers/Suppliers |
| 5.1.8. |
Chinese OEMs – L2+ / NOA development timeline |
| 5.1.9. |
Chinese OEMs – L2+ / NOA development |
| 5.1.10. |
US Autonomous Passenger Vehicle Rankings |
| 5.1.11. |
Main OEMs – L2+ / NOA development |
| 5.1.12. |
Comparison of Multi-Sensor and Pure Vision Solutions |
| 5.1.13. |
Chinese OEMs – Analysis of Sensor Configurations for NOA |
| 5.1.14. |
End-to-End (E2E) Architecture |
| 5.1.15. |
Deployment of End-to-End Models in Vehicles |
| 5.1.16. |
China’s Top 4 LiDAR Manufacturers Dominate its 2024 Market |
| 5.1.17. |
ADAS Tier 1 suppliers are facing unprecedented challenges |
| 5.1.18. |
ADAS Tier 1 Product List 2025 |
| 5.2. |
ADAS Solution Providers |
| 5.2.1. |
Baidu Apollo |
| 5.2.2. |
Momenta |
| 5.2.3. |
Horizon Robotics |
| 5.2.4. |
DJI Automotive (Zhuoyu) |
| 5.2.5. |
BOSCH |
| 5.2.6. |
Huawei |
| 5.2.7. |
Mobileye |
| 5.2.8. |
Qcraft |
| 5.3. |
Soc Manufactures |
| 5.3.1. |
Competitive Landscape of ADS SoC Chips |
| 5.3.2. |
Competitive Landscape of ADS SoC Chips – Case study |
| 5.3.3. |
Three major SoC manufacturers – Nvidia |
| 5.3.4. |
Three major SoC manufacturers – Mobileye |
| 5.3.5. |
Three major SoC manufacturers – Horizon Robotics |
| 5.3.6. |
Low-performance Soc Chips |
| 5.3.7. |
Mid-performance Soc Chips |
| 5.3.8. |
High-performance Soc Chips |
| 5.3.9. |
High-performance Soc Chips – Performance Evolution of SoC Chips |
| 5.3.10. |
Typical Models features Urban NOA / L2+ Functionality |
| 5.4. |
Sensor Suite for ADAS Cars |
| 5.4.1. |
Sensor Suite Disclaimer |
| 5.4.2. |
Evolution of Sensor Suite From Level 1 to Level 4 |
| 5.4.3. |
Sensors and their Purpose |
| 5.4.4. |
Evolution of Sensor Suites from Level 1 to Level 4 |
| 5.4.5. |
Typical Sensor Suite for ADAS Passenger Cars – Camera and Radar |
| 5.4.6. |
Integrated Front-view Cameras |
| 5.4.7. |
Integrated Front-view Cameras: Regulations are accelerating |
| 5.4.8. |
List of Integrated Front-view Camera Suppliers: Performance Gradually Improving to Meet L2+ Capabilities (1) |
| 5.4.9. |
List of Integrated Front-view Camera Suppliers: Performance Gradually Improving to Meet L2+ Capabilities (2) |
| 5.4.10. |
Front Radar Applications |
| 5.4.11. |
The Role of Side Radars |
| 5.4.12. |
Front and Side Radars per Car |
| 5.4.13. |
Total Radars per Car for Different SAE levels |
| 5.4.14. |
External Cameras for Autonomous Driving |
| 5.4.15. |
LiDAR Deployment |
| 5.4.16. |
Automotive lidar players by technology |
| 5.5. |
Key OEMs in the L2, L2+,L2++ Navigation on Autopilot (NOA) race |
| 5.5.1. |
Nissan |
| 5.5.2. |
Nissan Propilot 2.1 |
| 5.5.3. |
Honda |
| 5.5.4. |
Honda Sensing 360+ sensor suite |
| 5.5.5. |
Stellantis |
| 5.5.6. |
Mercedes S-Class and EQS |
| 5.5.7. |
Mercedes S-class – Sensor Suite |
| 5.5.8. |
Daimler/Bosch Autonomous Parking |
| 5.5.9. |
BMW level 3 and level 2+ |
| 5.5.10. |
BMW 7 Series and 5 Series Sensors |
| 5.5.11. |
Tesla |
| 5.5.12. |
Tesla’s Hardware 4.0 |
| 5.5.13. |
Algorithm Side: Tesla Adopts End-to-End Large Model |
| 5.5.14. |
GM’s Super Cruise |
| 5.5.15. |
Vehicles with GM Super Cruise |
| 5.5.16. |
Ford BlueCruise |
| 5.5.17. |
Toyota and Lexus |
| 5.5.18. |
Chinese OEMs – AITO (Huawei) |
| 5.5.19. |
Chinese OEMs – Xpeng |
| 5.5.20. |
Chinese OEMs – NIO |
| 5.5.21. |
Chinese OEMs – Avata (Huawei ADS) |
| 5.5.22. |
Chinese OEMs – Arcfox (Huawei ADS) |
| 5.5.23. |
Chinese OEMs – Lotus |
| 5.5.24. |
Chinese OEMs – Xiaomi |
| 5.5.25. |
Chinese OEMs – Li Auto |
| 5.5.26. |
Chinese OEMs – Zeekr |
| 5.6. |
Cost Structure and Business Model Analysis |
| 5.6.1. |
Cost Structure for Major Manufacturers |
| 5.6.2. |
Leaders |
| 5.6.3. |
Cost Structure for Major Manufacturers – Case Study on Chinese OEMs |
| 5.6.4. |
Cost Structure for Major Manufacturers |
| 5.6.5. |
Comparative Analysis of Cloud Computational Power |
| 5.6.6. |
ADAS Feature Sales Model |
| 5.6.7. |
Sales Volume and Break-even Point Case Study |
| 5.6.8. |
Sales Volume and Break-even Point Calculation |
| 5.6.9. |
ADAS Feature Sales Model |
| 6. |
ENABLING TECHNOLOGIES: LIDAR, RADAR, CAMERAS, INFRARED, HD MAPPING, TELEOPERATION, 5G AND V2X |
| 6.1. |
Introduction |
| 6.1.1. |
Connected vehicles |
| 6.1.2. |
Localization |
| 6.1.3. |
AI and Training |
| 6.1.4. |
Teleoperation |
| 6.1.5. |
Cyber security |
| 6.2. |
Autonomous Vehicle Sensors |
| 6.2.1. |
Autonomous driving technologies |
| 6.2.2. |
The Primary Three Sensors – Cameras, Radar, and LiDAR |
| 6.2.3. |
Sensor Performance and Trends |
| 6.2.4. |
Robustness to Adverse Weather |
| 6.2.5. |
Evolution of Sensor Suite From Level 1 to Level 4 |
| 6.2.6. |
What is Sensor Fusion? |
| 6.2.7. |
Autonomous Driving Requires Different Validation System |
| 6.2.8. |
Sensor Fusion Technology Trends for Applications |
| 6.2.9. |
Hybrid AI for Sensor Fusion |
| 6.2.10. |
Autonomy and Electric Vehicles |
| 6.2.11. |
EV Range Reduction |
| 6.2.12. |
The Vulnerable Road User Challenge in City Traffic |
| 6.2.13. |
Pedestrian Risk Detection |
| 6.2.14. |
Recommended Sensor Suites For SAE Level 2 to Level 4 & Robotaxi |
| 6.2.15. |
Cameras |
| 6.2.16. |
IR Cameras |
| 6.2.17. |
Radar |
| 6.2.18. |
LiDAR |
| 6.2.19. |
Mapping and Localization |
| 6.3. |
Connected Cars |
| 6.3.1. |
What is a Connected Vehicle? |
| 6.3.2. |
Why V2X |
| 6.3.3. |
Connected Cars: Technologies |
| 6.3.4. |
Connected Cars: Use Cases and Case Studies |
| 7. |
FORECASTS: ADAS MARKET TRENDS AND GROWTH PROJECTIONS |
| 7.1. |
Forecasting Methodology: Private Cars Feature Adoption |
| 7.2. |
L2+/L3 Feature Adoption Forecast by Region |
| 7.3. |
ADAS Feature Adoption Forecast by Region – US |
| 7.4. |
ADAS Feature Adoption Forecast by Region – China |
| 7.5. |
ADAS Feature Adoption Forecast by Region – EU |
| 7.6. |
ADAS Feature Adoption Forecast by Region – Japan |
| 7.7. |
Global Vehicle Sales and Peak Car by SAE Level 2022-2045 |
| 7.8. |
Autonomous Vehicle Adoption in US 2022-2045 |
| 7.9. |
ADAS Feature Sales by Region- US |
| 7.10. |
Autonomous Vehicle Adoption in China 2022-2044 |
| 7.11. |
ADAS Feature Sales by Region- China |
| 7.12. |
Autonomous Vehicle Adoption in EU + UK + EFTA 2022-2044 |
| 7.13. |
ADAS Feature Sales by Region – EU + UK + EFTA |
| 7.14. |
Autonomous Vehicle Adoption in Japan 2022-2044 |
| 7.15. |
ADAS Feature Sales by Region- Japan |
| 7.16. |
High level ADAS Feature Forecast – US |
| 7.17. |
ADAS Feature Sales Revenue by Region- US |
| 7.18. |
ADAS Feature Sales Revenue by Region – China |
| 7.19. |
ADAS Feature Sales Revenue by Region- EU + UK + EFTA |
| 7.20. |
ADAS Feature Sales Revenue by Region- Japan |
| 7.21. |
Parking Assist Features Adoption Forecast |
| 8. |
COMPANY PROFILES |
